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Editorial Policies
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        <h2 class="h4">Editorial Policies</h2>
        <hr>

        <p>For journals, the following publication policies are applied by Bentham Science.</p>

        <h5 class="text-uppercase">Copyright</h5>
        <p>Authors who publish in Bentham Science print & online journals will transfer copyright to their work to Bentham Science Publishers. Submission of a manuscript to the respective journals implies that all authors have read and agreed to the content of the Copyright Letter or the Terms and Conditions. It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication. Once submitted to the journal, the author will not withdraw their manuscript at any stage prior to publication.</p>

        <p>It is mandatory that a signed copyright letter also be submitted along with the manuscript by the author to whom correspondence is to be addressed. The article should not contain any such material or information that may be unlawful, defamatory, fabricated, plagiarized, or which would, if published, in any way whatsoever, violate the terms and conditions as laid down in the copyright agreement. For more details, please visit <a class="text-primary" href="/pages/rights-permissions">Rights and Permissions</a></p>

        <h5 class="text-uppercase">Permission to Reuse Bentham Content</h5>
        <p>Bentham Science has collaborated with the Copyright Clearance Center to meet our customer's licensing, besides rights & permission needs.</p>

        <p>The Copyright Clearance Center's RightsLink® service makes it faster and easier to secure permission from Bentham Science's journal titles. Visit <a href="/bypublication" class="text-primary">Journals by Title</a> and locate the desired content. Then go to the article's abstract and click on "Rights and Permissions" to open the RightsLink's page. If authors can't find the content they are looking for or can't get the rights they need, please contact us at <a href="mailto:permissions@benthamscience.net" class="text-primary">permissions@benthamscience.net</a></p>

        <h5 class="text-uppercase">Third-Party Permissions</h5>
        <p>Authors are responsible for managing the inclusion of third-party content as an author/editor of a work. We refer to 'third party content' as any work that authors haven't developed themselves and have copied or adapted from other sources. Text, figures, photographs, tables, screenshots, and other items may be included.</p>

        <p>Unless the figure is in the public domain (copyright-free) or permitted for use under Creative Commons or other open licenses, the author must get permission from the copyright holder(s).</p>

        <p>Published/reproduced material should not be included unless written permission has been obtained from the copyright holder, which should be forwarded to the Editorial Office in case of acceptance of the article for publication.</p>

        <h5 class="text-uppercase">Open Access Articles</h5>
        <p>Articles are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) (<a class="text-primary" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode)</a>, which permits unrestricted distribution and reproduction in any medium, ensuring that the work is properly cited. For more details, please visit <a class="text-primary" href="/open-access-plus">Open Access Policy</a></p>



        <h5 class="text-uppercase">Archiving Policies</h5>

        <h6 class="font-weight-bold">Self-Archiving</h6>

        <p>Following are the important features of the self-archiving policy of Bentham Science journals:</p>
        <ol type="a">
            <li>Authors can deposit the first draft of a submitted article on their personal websites or their institution's repositories for personal use, internal institutional use, or for permitted scholarly posting only.</li>

            <li>Authors may deposit the <strong>ACCEPTED VERSION</strong> of the peer-reviewed article on their personal websites, their institution's repository or the non-commercial repositories, PMC and arXiv, after <strong>12 MONTHS</strong> of publication on the journal website. For personal use, internal institutional use, or for permitted scholarly posting only.</li>

            <li>In case of (b) above, an acknowledgement must be given to the original source of publication and a link must be inserted to the published article on the journal's/publisher's website. The link to the original source of publication should be provided by inserting the DOI number of the article in the following sentence: "The published manuscript is available at EurekaSelect via <a class="text-primary" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/openurl/content.php?genre=article&doi=insert DOI">https://www.eurekaselect.com/openurl/content.php?genre=article&doi=insert DOI</a></li>

            <li>If the research is funded by NIH, Wellcome Trust or any other Open Access Mandate, authors are allowed the archiving of published versions of manuscripts in the nominated institutional repositories, after the mandatory embargo period. Authors should first contact the Editorial Office of the journal for information about depositing a copy of the manuscript to a repository. Consistent with the copyright agreement, Bentham Science does not allow archiving of FINAL PUBLISHED VERSION of manuscripts unless under an Open Access mandate as above. Archiving, under any of the above mentioned Open Access mandates, is done under the terms of the Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 - Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International.</li>

            <li>There is no embargo on the archiving of articles published under the <strong>OPEN ACCESS PLUS</strong> category. Authors are allowed deposition of such articles on institutional, non-commercial repositories and personal websites immediately after publication on the journal website. This is done under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License CC-BY 4.0.</li>

            <li> In case of any form of archiving, an acknowledgement must be given to the original source of publication and a link must be inserted to the published article on the journal's/publisher's website. The link to the original source of publication should be provided by inserting the DOI number of the article in the following sentence: "The published manuscript is available at EurekaSelect via <a class="text-primary" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/openurl/content.php?genre=article&doi=insert DOI">https://www.eurekaselect.com/openurl/content.php?genre=article&doi=insert DOI</a></li>
        </ol>

        <h5 class="text-uppercase">LONG-TERM ARCHIVING OF BENTHAM SCIENCE CONTENT</h5>
        <p>To ensure permanent access to our publications, Bentham Science has an agreement with <a href="https://www.portico.org/publishers/bentham/" class="text-primary">Portico</a> to have a long-term preservation of the content published in its journals.</p>

        <h5 class="text-uppercase">Peer Review</h5>
        <p>Bentham Science Publishers follows the single blind peer-review procedure for submissions of all manuscripts to its journals, except for a selected number of patent journals where double blind review is followed.</p>
        <p>All submitted articles are subjected to an extensive peer review in consultation with members of the journal’s editorial board and independent external referees (usually three reviewers). All manuscripts/chapters are assessed rapidly and the decision based on all the peer reviewers' comments, taken by the journal’s Editor-in-Chief, is then conveyed to the author(s).</p>
        <p>Submissions from the Editor-in-Chief / Co-Editor/ Editorial Board Members will undergo independent peer-review and will be submitted to another Editor for his decision on acceptance. For further details, please visit complete guidelines at: <u><a class="text-primary" href="/pages/peer-reviews">https://benthamscience.com/pages/peer-reviews</a></u></p>


        <h5 class="text-uppercase">Conflict of Interest</h5>
        <p>Financial contributions and any potential conflict of interest must be clearly acknowledged under the heading ‘Conflict of Interest’. Authors must list the source(s) of funding for the study. This should be done for each author. For more details, please visit: <a class="text-primary" href="/pages/conflict-of-interest">Conflict Of Interest</a></p>
        <h5 class="text-uppercase">Confidentiality:</h5>
        <p>Bentham Science Publishers maintains the confidentiality of the submitted manuscript and its content. The editors are advised not to disclose any information on submitted manuscripts before their publication.</p>
        <p>The peer review of a manuscript is a confidential process. BSP follows a single-blind peer-review process where the identity of the reviewer is not disclosed to the authors, and also the review report of one reviewer is kept confidential from other reviewers.</p>
        <p>Reviewers should keep the whole process completely confidential. They should consult the EIC/senior editor and take permission before consulting another colleague for help in the peer-review of the submitted manuscript.</p>
        <p>Reviewers should not disclose any information whatsoever to anyone before the publication of the manuscript.</p>

        <h5 class="text-uppercase">Plagiarism Prevention</h5>
        <p>Plagiarism means copying or paraphrasing another writer's content, be it a text, a result or an observation, and stating it as one's own, without citing a reference to the original source. Therefore, authors should acknowledge and cite references to the work of other scientists in their manuscripts. The author should ensure that all the sources are authentic and that there is no discrepancy in the content of the manuscript.</p>

        <p>Bentham Science is vigilant in checking and identifying the primary sources of the data within the content by using the iThenticate software to detect instances of overlapping and similarity of text in submitted manuscripts. iThenticate software verifies the content against a database of periodicals, materials on the Internet, and a comprehensive article database. The software generates a similarity report in percentage that matches the article in process and the published material. This similarity is further scrutinized for suspected plagiarism according to the publisher's Editorial Policies.  The generated report comprises the overall percentage of the content reused.</p>

        <h6>The Credibility of Sources- Acknowledgments</h6>

        <p>The study of an author has to be original. If there are credible sources of the content referred to in the manuscript, the author needs to cite all of them. Authors are advised to use iThenticate before submitting a manuscript to ensure that there are no instances of plagiarism.  Authors are required to provide proper consent from the individuals and contributions of other authors should be acknowledged.</p>

        <p>Bentham Science has different editorial policies for authors who have more than one publication. Following those policies, the authors need to specify the sources of the submission in their recent work. For further details, please visit the following link of Editorial Policies for Concurrent Publication/Simultaneous Submission at <a class="text-primary" href="https://benthamscience.com/pages/editorial-policies-main">https://benthamscience.com/pages/editorial-policies-main</a></p>


        <p>Bentham Science strictly follows COPE guidelines to detect plagiarism. For clearer insight, authors may refer to the flowcharts provided by COPE by <a class="text-primary" href="https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/plagiarism-submitted-manuscript-cope-flowchart.pdf" target="_blank"></a>clicking here or visiting the COPE website.</p>

        <h5 class="text-uppercase">Preprint Policy</h5>
        <p>A preprint is an early version of an article that has not yet been accepted for publication in a journal.</p>
        <p>Articles submitted to a journal which have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted elsewhere for publication can be considered for publication. Preprints are usually deposited on the author's own web page in an institutional repository, or on a preprint server. However, they are not considered as ahead-of-print or early access publications.</p>
        <p>Preprint archiving on any recognized, non-profit preprint server is entirely supported and encouraged by the BSP. Preprints deposited in designated preprint repositories at the same time as, or before, submission to a journal are not considered as prior, citable publications by the BSP Journals.</p>
        <h5 class="text-uppercase">HUMAN AND ANIMAL RIGHTS</h5>
        <h6 class="font-weight-bold">Research Involving Humans</h6>
        <p>All clinical investigations should be conducted according to the <a class="text-primary" href="https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/"></a><strong><u>Declaration of Helsinki</u></strong> principles. For all manuscripts reporting data from studies involving human participants, formal review and approval by an appropriate institutional review board or ethics committee are required.</p>
        <h6 class="font-weight-bold">Patient Consent</h6>
        <p>Compliance with the guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors <strong><u> <a class="text-primary" href="http://www.icmje.org/">www.icmje.org</a></u></strong>) is recommended, in accordance with the patient’s consent for research or participation in a study as per the applicable laws and regulations regarding the privacy and/or security of personal information, including, but not limited to, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 ("HIPAA") and other U.S. federal and state laws relating to confidentiality and security of personally distinguishable evidence, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (EU) 2016/679 and member state implementing legislation, Canada's Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, India's Information Technology Act and related Privacy Rules, (together "Data Protection and Privacy Laws").</p>
        <p>It is the responsibility of the author to ensure that:</p>
        <ul>
            <li>
                <p>Patients' names, initials, or hospital numbers are not mentioned anywhere in the manuscript (including figures).</p>
            </li>
            <li>
                <p>Authors are responsible for obtaining the patient consent-to-disclose forms for all recognizable patients in photographs, videos, or other information that may be published in the Journal, in derivative works, or on the journal’s web site and for providing the manuscript to the recognizable patient for review before submission.</p>
            </li>
            <li>
                <p>The consent-to-disclose form should indicate specific use (publication in the medical literature in print and online, with the understanding that patients and the public will have access) of the patient's information and any images in figures or videos, and must contain the patient's signature or that of a legal guardian along with a statement that the patient or legal guardian has been offered the opportunity to review the identifying materials and the accompanying manuscript.</p>
            </li>
            <li> If the manuscript has an individuals’ data, such as personal details, audio-video material, etc., consent should be obtained from that individual. In case of children, consent should be obtained from the parent or the legal guardian.</li>
            <li>
                <p>A specific declaration of such approval and consent-to-disclose form must be made in the copyright letter and in a stand-alone paragraph at the end of the article especially in the case of human studies where inclusion of a statement regarding obtaining the written informed consent from each subject or subject's guardian is a must. The original should be retained by the guarantor or the corresponding author. Editors may request to provide the original forms by fax or email.</p>
            </li>
            <li>
                <p>All such case reports require proper consent to be obtained from patients before publishing.</p>
            </li>
        </ul>
        <p>Editors may request that authors provide documentation of the formal review and recommendation from the institutional review board or ethics committee responsible for oversight of the study. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the above-mentioned requirements. The author will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.</p>
        <h6 class="font-weight-bold">Non-identifiable Images</h6>
        <p>Anonymous images, that do not identify the individual directly or indirectly, such as through any identifying marks or text, do not require formal consent, for example, X-rays, ultrasound images, pathology slides or laparoscopic images.</p>
        <p>In case consent is not obtained, concealing the identity through eye bars or blurring the face would not be acceptable.</p>

        <h6 class="font-weight-bold">Research Involving Animals</h6>
        <p>For research involving animals, the authors should indicate whether the procedures followed were in accordance with the standards set forth in the eighth edition of “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” <strong><u> <a class="text-primary" href="http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals_prepub.pdf">(grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals_prepub.pdf</a></u></strong> published by the National Academy of Sciences, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.).</p>
        <p>Research work on animals should be carried out in accordance with the NC3Rs ARRIVE Guidelines. For In Vivo Experiments, please visit <strong><u><a class="text-primary" href="https://www.nc3rs.org.uk/arrive-guidelines">https://www.nc3rs.org.uk/arrive-guidelines</a></u></strong></p>
        <p>Authors should clearly state the name of the approval committee, highlighting that legal and ethical approvals were obtained prior to initiation of the research work carried out on animals, and that the experiments were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations stated below.</p>
        <ul>

            <li>
                <p>US authors should cite compliance with the US National Research Council's "<strong><u> <a class="text-primary" href="https://www.nap.edu/read/5140/chapter/1"></a> Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals"</u></strong></p>
            </li>

            <li>
                <p>The US Public Health Service's <strong><u> <a class="text-primary" href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/references/phspol.htm"></a>"Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals"</u></strong> and "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals"</p>
            </li>

            <li>
                <p>UK authors should conform to UK legislation under <strong><u><a class="text-primary" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/animals-scientific-procedures-act-1986-amendment-regulations"></a>the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 Amendment Regulations (SI 2012/3039)</u></strong>.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
                <p>European authors outside the UK should conform to <strong><u> <a class="text-primary" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32010L0063"></a>Directive 2010/63/EU</u></strong>.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
                <p>Research on animals should adhere to ethical guidelines of The <a class="text-primary" href="http://www.basel-declaration.org/basel-declaration/"></a><strong><u>Basel Declaration</u></strong> and the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS) <a class="text-primary" href="http://iclas.org/committees/ethics-and-animal-welfare-committee"></a><strong><u>ethical guidelines</u></strong>.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
                <p>The manuscript should clearly include a declaration of compliance with the relevant guidelines (e.g. the revised Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 in the UK and Directive 2010/63/EU in Europe) and/or relevant permissions or licenses obtained by the <a class="text-primary" href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/PP-003-En.pdf"></a><strong><u>IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction</u></strong> and the <a class="text-primary" href="https://cites.org/"></a><strong><u>Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.</u></strong></p>
            </li>
        </ul>
        <h5 class="text-uppercase">Research Involving Plants</h5>
        <p>All experimental research on plants (either cultivated or wild), should comply with international guidelines. The manuscript should include a declaration of compliance of field studies with relevant guidelines and/or relevant permissions or licenses obtained by the <a class="text-primary" target="_blank" href=" https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/PP-003-En"><strong><u>IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction</u></strong></a> and the <a class="text-primary" target="_blank" href="https://cites.org/">
                <strong><u>Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.</u></strong></a>
        </p>
        <!-- Hazard study -->
        <h5 class="text-uppercase">Hazard Study</h5>
        <p>Any unusual risks associated with the use of any chemicals, procedures, or equipment used in the work must be explicitly stated by the author in the manuscript, preferably in both the materials and methods section and the declaration section. For more information, visit The World Medical Association (<a class="text-primary" target="_blank" href="https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/public-health/chemicals">https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/public-health/chemicals</a>)</p>

        <h5 class="text-uppercase">RESEARCH CONDUCTED IN SPECIAL OR CRITICAL SITUATIONS</h5>
        <p>Bentham Science expects all contributors to respect values of justice, benevolence, and autonomy when conducting research. We understand that certain situations such as medical emergencies or humanitarian crises may differ from non-emergency scenarios. Bentham Science recommends that research efforts should not hurt human subjects/respondents or the researchers, and should be conducted with sufficient scientific rigor as permissible in these situations, respectively. Care should be taken to address potential problems faced by persons who may be victims of disasters or involved in a medical emergency. These are vulnerable individuals and their privacy and dignity should be respected. Researchers should make note of this in their research and identify potential issues in their work that may arise because of such situations. Research directed in emergency circumstances should be to the greatest advantage of survivors involved in the research and with the goal of minimizing any future casualties. For guidance, the essential requirements of research in emergency situation are the preservation of human life, wellbeing and security, along with the rights to protection, privacy and confidentiality of subjects.</p>
        <h5 class="text-uppercase">UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR</h5>
        <p>Unethical behavior and misconduct may be pointed out by anyone to the Editor and Publisher with sufficient evidences. The Editor, in consultation with the Publisher, will initiate investigation against this Unethical misconduct, complete the procedure till an unbiased decision is reached, and maintain confidentiality throughout the process of the investigation. The Author should be given the opportunity to reply to all minor or major accusations.</p>
        <p>In case of serious breaches, the employer may be informed where appropriate, by the Editor/Publisher, after reviewing all available information and evidences or after seeking help from experts in that field.</p>
        <h5 class="text-uppercase">Conclusion</h5>
        <ul>
            <li>
                <p> Author(s) and Reviewers must be informed in case of misinterpretation or mishandling of International Acceptable Standards</p>
            </li>
            <li>
                <p> A strict notice should be sent to the author and reviewer to avoid future unethical misconduct</p>
            </li>
            <li>
                <p> An Editorial on the reported misconduct should be published or official notice of unethical behavior should be posted on the website</p>
            </li>
            <li>
                <p> Official letter about this misconduct should be issued to the Head of Departments, Funding Agencies of the accused author and the reviewer, as well as Abstracting & Indexing Agencies.</p>
            </li>
            <li>
                <p> Where required, retraction and withdrawal of publication may be undertaken from the Publisher’s journal in discussion with the Head of the Department of the author or reviewer, and other higher authorities should be informed</p>
            </li>
            <li>
                <p> The Publisher may impose restrictions for some period on future publications from the accused author in the journals</p>
            </li>
        </ul>
            <h5 class="text-uppercase">Consent for Publication</h5>
            <p>If the manuscript has an individuals’ data, such as personal detail, audio-video material etc., consent should be obtained from that individual. In case of children, consent should be obtained from the parent or the legal guardian.</p>
            <p>A specific declaration of such approval and consent-to-disclose form must be made in the copyright letter and in a stand-alone paragraph at the end of the article especially in the case of human studies where inclusion of a statement regarding obtaining the written informed consent from each subject or subject's guardian is a must. The original should be retained by the guarantor or corresponding author. Editors may request to provide the original forms by fax or email.</p>
            <p>All such case reports should be followed by a proper consent prior to publishing.</p>
            <h5 class="text-uppercase">PROOF CORRECTIONS</h5>
            <p>Authors will receive page proofs of their accepted paper before publications. To avoid delays in publication, proofs should be checked immediately for typographical errors and returned within 48 hours. Major changes are not acceptable at the proof stage.</p>
            <p>The corresponding author will be solely responsible for ensuring that the revised version of the manuscript incorporating all the submitted corrections receives the approval of all the co-authors of the manuscript.</p>
            <h5 class="text-uppercase">Errata or a Corrigenda and Corrections in Published Articles</h5>
            <p>Authors and readers are encouraged to notify the Editor-in-Chief if they find errors in published content, authors’ names and affiliations or if they have reasons for concern over the legitimacy of a publication. In such cases the journal will publish an ERRATUM or a CORRIGENDUM, in consultation with Editor-in-Chief and authors of the article, and/or replace or retract the article.</p>
            <h5 class="text-uppercase">Article Withdrawal</h5>
            <p>Articles in Press (articles that have been accepted for publication or published as E-pub Ahead of Schedule but which have not been formally published with volume/issue/page information) that include errors, or are determined to violate the publishing ethics guidelines such as multiple submission, fake claims of authorship, plagiarism, fraudulent use of data or the like, may be “Withdrawn” from the journal. Withdrawal means that the article files are removed and replaced with a PDF stating that the article has been withdrawn from the journal in accordance with BSP Editorial Policies.</p>
            <h5 class="text-uppercase">Article Retraction</h5>
            <p>If any manuscripts are published, having certain assigned information of volume/issue/ page number, and it is found that there are infringements of professional ethical codes in their content, such as plagiarism, excess similarity with some other article, fraudulent use of data, etc., then such manuscripts are retracted.</p>
            <ul>
                <li>
                    <p> A retraction note entitled “Retraction: [article title]” (for example Retraction: ABC experiment involving XYZ species) is published in the paginated part of the next scheduled issue of the journal and is also listed in the table of contents.</p>
                </li>
                </p>
                </li> The retraction note is approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the concerned journal.</p>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <p> A link to the original article is displayed in the online (electronic) version.</p>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <p> A screen containing the note of retraction appears before the electronic version of the article present on the website. On the screen, a link for the complete article is present, i.e. to access the retracted article.</p>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <p> The link/webpage of the original article remains unchanged, however a watermark is shaded on its downloadable PDF document, in order to explicitly give the message that the article was retracted.</p>
                </li>
            </ul>
            <p>Further details are available at: <a class="text-primary" href="https://benthamscience.com/research-misconduct"> https://benthamscience.com/research-misconduct</a></p>
            <h5 class="text-uppercase">Concurrent Publication/Simultaneous Submission</h5>
            <p>It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to the Bentham journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered.</p>
            <p>Abstracts and posters of conferences, results presented at meetings (for example, to inform investigators or participants about findings), results databases (data without interpretation, discussion, context or conclusions in the form of tables and text to describe data/information where this is not easily presented in tabular form) are not considered prior publication.</p>
            <p>Authors who wish to publish translations of the articles that have been published elsewhere should ensure that they have appropriate permission(s), indicate clearly that the material has been translated and re-published, and indicate clearly the original source of the material. The Editor-in-Chief may request copies of related publications if he/she is concerned about overlap and possible redundancy.</p>

            <h5 class="text-uppercase">Appeals and Complaints</h5>

            <p>Generally, the editorial decisions are not reverted. However, authors who think that their manuscript was rejected due to a misunderstanding or mistake may seek an explanation for the decision. Appeals must give sound reasoning and compelling evidence against the criticism raised in the rejection letter. A difference of opinion as to the interest, novelty, or suitability of the manuscript for the journal will not be considered as an appeal. The EIC and other relevant editors will consider the appeal and the decision thereafter taken by the journal will be deemed final. Acceptance of the manuscript is not guaranteed even if the journal agrees to reconsider the manuscript, and the reconsideration process may involve previous or new reviewers or editors and substantive revision.</p>

            <p>Authors who wish to make a complaint should refer them to the Editor-in-Chief of the journal concerned. Complaints to the Publisher may be emailed to <a class="text-primary" href="mailto:info@benthamscience.net">info@benthamscience.net</a></p>

            <h5 class="text-uppercase">Handling Post-Publication Matters:</h5>
            <p>To maintain the integrity of scientific research, Bentham Science carries out investigations regarding the concerns raised by authors and/or readers. However, authors are always provided a chance to respond to all complaints/ comments. We may require reviewers to go over the original data and consult with experts involved, in order to solve and conclude the investigation.</p>

            <p>Post Publication Discussions may be published online after review and are usually accompanied by a response from the original authors. For more details, please visit: <a class="text-primary" href="/pages/post-publication">Post-Publication Discussions and Corrections</a>.</p>

            <h5 class="text-uppercase">Disclaimer</h5>
            <p>Responsibility for the content published by <em>Bentham Science Publishers</em> in any of its journals, including any opinions expressed therein, rests exclusively with the author(s) of such content. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, BSP (on its own behalf, and on behalf of its staff and members of its editorial board) disclaims responsibility for any and all injury and/or damage (whether financial or otherwise) to persons or property, resulting directly or indirectly from any ideas, methods, instructions or products (including errors in the same) referred to in the content of any of BSP’s journals. Any dispute arising, including any claim shall be governed exclusively by the laws of the United Arab Emirates, as applied in the Emirate of Sharjah.</p>
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